Tumor Markers in gastrointestinal (GI) and Colorectal Medicine

Tumor markers are substances, often proteins, produced by the body in response to cancer or by the cancer tissue itself. In gastrointestinal (GI) and colorectal medicine, these markers play a crucial role in the diagnosis, monitoring, and management of various cancers. While their sensitivity and specificity can vary, making them less reliable for early diagnosis, tumor markers are invaluable for tracking disease progression, assessing treatment response, and detecting recurrence.

For instance, Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) is commonly used to monitor colorectal cancer post-treatment. Similarly, CA 19-9 is utilized primarily in pancreatic cancer, and its levels correlate with tumor burden and response to therapy. Other markers like Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) are critical in diagnosing and monitoring hepatocellular carcinoma, while Chromogranin A (CgA) is essential for neuroendocrine tumors.

These markers are not without limitations. Their levels can be influenced by non-cancerous conditions, and their diagnostic accuracy is often insufficient for early detection. Therefore, they are more effective when used in conjunction with other diagnostic modalities and clinical assessments. Understanding the specific applications and limitations of each tumor marker helps clinicians in providing targeted and effective care for patients with GI and colorectal cancers.

Tumor Markers in GI...