Haemorrhoids, commonly referred to as piles, are a prevalent condition characterized by the swelling and inflammation of the vascular structures in the anal canal. This condition can lead to a range of symptoms, including rectal bleeding, pain, and discomfort, significantly impacting the quality of life of affected individuals. The epidemiology of haemorrhoids reveals a substantial burden on both patients and healthcare systems, with estimates suggesting that approximately 50% of the population will experience symptomatic haemorrhoids at some point in their lives, particularly between the ages of 45 and 65 years (Abramowitz et al., 2018; Vishwa, 2023). The condition is associated with various risk factors, including obesity, pregnancy, and chronic constipation, which further complicate its management in primary care settings (Kukreja, 2023).
In primary care, the prevalence of haemorrhoids is notably high, with studies indicating rates ranging from 4.4% to 38% in different populations (Xia et al., 2020; Riss et al., 2011). The condition often presents with symptoms that can overlap with more serious gastrointestinal disorders, necessitating careful evaluation to avoid misdiagnosis (Hollingshead & Phillips, 2015; Koning & Loffeld, 2010). For instance, rectal bleeding, a common symptom of haemorrhoids, can also indicate colorectal cancer, which underscores the...
